Abstract:

This study examines how fluctuations in stratospheric ozone levels have affected the energy of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic basin between 1979 and 2010. We postulate that there is a correlation between stratospheric ozone concentration and tropical cyclone energy. As a result of ozone depletion from anthropogenic activities (namely chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) emissions), UV light retained near the ozone layer has decreased, leading to lower stratospheric cooling. An increase in the temperature differential between the warm sea surface and the cooler atmosphere results. This differential creates unstable air masses, hindering tropical cyclone development (Emanuel, 1986). Previous research (Rowland, 1990) has shown that a strong negative correlation exists between CFCs and ozone levels. The team’s research has shown a strong positive correlation between stratospheric ozone concentrations in the Atlantic Basin to stratospheric temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere from 1979-2010 (0.5977). Finally, a strong correlation value exists between stratospheric temperatures and tropical cyclone energy in the North Atlantic Basin from 1979-2010 (-0.47384). Ozone layer depletion should be considered when forecasting tropical cyclone development.

Abstract:

The City University of New York (CUNY) mission statement assets that the aim of Queensborough Community College is to provide students with a quality, affordable education in a supportive environment.  For fifty years, Queensborough Community College (QCC) has served students from Queens and the entire New York City region as a starting place to pursue their academic and career goals. QCC understands that we are intimately connected with the ecological systems of the area and ultimately linked to the global atmospheric, biological and geological processes.
Responsibility entails QCC to be aware of our actions and the full range of effects. The actions of these thousands of people including students, faculty and staff are incorporated in the daily processes of QCC.
An ideally sustainable establishment would function without waste and would not burden the local ecosystems. Due to the fact that QCC is situated in a urban environment with like-minded individuals, there are many ways to make the sustainability of QCC environmentally friendly.
Though we may not be able to realize and calculate the full extend of the impact of QCC on the environment, it is extremely exhilarating to take necessary steps in order to give a measurement of the current environmental impact of Queensborough Community College. The environmental impact of Queensborough Community College may well extend beyond campus boundaries, but the limitations of data-mining in order for these calculations are nigh improbable to evaluate. Therefore, to the best of our ability the ecological impact of QCC will be used to reduce environmental demand caused by Queensborough Community College.

Abstract:

Worldwide tropical cyclone energy and frequency data was obtained from the Unisys Weather database. Trends were investigated between this data and that of solar weather, specifically sunspot number, total solar irradiance, and proton flux. Our hypothesis stated that increased sunspot number and solar irradiance would have a direct effect on tropical cyclone activity.

Abstract:

Data from Unisys Weather was used to calculate tropical cyclone energy in the Atlantic, East Pacific, South Pacific, West Pacific, North Indian, and South Indian Oceans from 1996 to 2008. Trends in global cyclone intensity and frequency were studied. Furthermore, variables having short- and long-term effects on regional and global tropical cyclone activity such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were investigated. In most oceans, there was a distinct correlation between Tropical Cyclone activity and the ENSO anomalies.

The purpose of this research was to study hurricane activity. With the aid of satellite data from Unisys Weather, we studied hurricane tracks and tried to find a pattern in hurricane activity, such as, whether or not hurricane activity was increasing or decreasing over the years. We also tried to see how the hurricane season of one year differed from the hurricane season of another year. We also aimed to discover if hurricane activity in the A tlantic Ocean affected Hurricane activity in the East Pacific Ocean.

The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is a term used to describe the Sun’s magnetic field as it is carried by the solar wind into the space. The IMF is a vector quantity with three directional components, two of which (Bx and By) are oriented parallel to the ecliptic. The third component--Bz--is perpendicular to the ecliptic and is created by waves and other disturbances in the solar wind. The magnetic field of the Sun is produced by an electric current produced by consuming hydrogen to form helium at the interface and radioactive layers of the sun.The magnetic field produced is huge; it is about 50 Gauss and 100 times more than that of the Earth.

The solar wind is a stream of charged particles which are ejected from the outer atmosphere of a star or the sun's corona.

Some Useful Facts about Solar Wind:

+ contains a large number of electrons, protons, and a few ions
+ particles are able to escape through coronal holes because of the high temperature of the corona and the high kinetic energy of each particle
+ velocity varies from 200-889 km/s (with an average of about 450 km/s or 1,000,000 mph)
+ temperature of solar wind plasma around the Earth is about 150,000°K

The SEPICA (Solar Energetic Particle Ionic Charge Analyzer) is the prime sensor on the ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer).

We will be researching space weather and study how the solar wind affects the Earth's magnetic field and ionosphere.  We will be using ACE and SOHO satellite data for the solar wind, and ionosonde data for the Earth.

We are studying the solar winds effect on the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere. The sun emits charged particles, known as the solar wind. When these particles interact with the Earth's magnetic field the ion content of the atmosphere is affected. We have been analyzing data from the ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer) NASA satellite that measures the solar wind & this data is compared with measurements of the ionosphere. It has been found that strong gusts in the solar wind result in atmospheric Gamma ray bursts in addition to deviations in the electron content in the atmosphere